Definition of Human Rights and Trafficking

Introduction Since every human being is born free and equal in dignity as well as rights, the right of every human living on this planet ought to be respected at all costs. For the success of the society that we live in to be realized, every one of us should treat each other equally without any discrimination.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Definition of Human Rights and Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Treating each other without discrimination distinguishes us from animals. One of the infamous abuses of human rights is the practice of human trafficking, which has become prevalent in the current society. This is because in many places in the world, several individuals are currently living in bondage. They tirelessly carry out various duties in industries under threat of violence, imprisoned in homes as domestic workers, or work as prostitutes under instructions from their bosses. Human traf ficking enslaves individuals from all races, ages and they are forced to stay in deplorable conditions. This paper discusses the prevalence of this highly unrecognized, yet dangerous, epidemic in the world. Definition of human rights and trafficking Human rights are an important part in the understanding of the concept of justice. Since justice means fairness, the upholding of the rights of a person involves justice. For humanness, justice is important; therefore, the act denying justice to a person is equivalent to denying the person his or her human rights. It is important to note that human rights advocate for the sustenance of the dignity and status of individuals. Human rights mean, â€Å"the affirmation of a dignified life to each individual and it involves showing love, humanness, and just relationship† (Sttiphan, 9). By the fact that a person is a human, he or she is bequeathed with various rights that ought to be respected; therefore, the rights are considered in a u niversalist and democratic style. Human rights are usually present as common standards of conduct of real human morals or as legal rights within the local regulations of a particular country or within the international law. They may also be present as validated moral standards or natural rights substantiated by means of provable reasons. Currently, human trafficking is a multibillion-dollar-a-year industry that is increasingly becoming a major social problem in the twenty-first century. It is the â€Å"recruitment, transportation, or receipt of people for the purposes of slavery, forced labor, or involuntary servitude† (Zastrow, 301).Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individuals are usually deceived, lured, coerced, force-fed with drugs, intimidated or forcefully abducted to their new destinations where they face various forms of inhumane treatments. After recruitment, the victims are usually compelled to fulfill various duties with minimal or no wages. The terms of employment are usually very exploitative. Although most nations have outlawed this practice, it is still being practiced and it is kept highly secretive. The practice of human trafficking is not the same with the smuggling of individuals since in smuggling, individuals willingly ask for the service of the smuggler, who is paid for his or her efforts, and the victims become free on arrival at their new world. However, human trafficking leads to the enslavement of the individuals in which they are denied their fundamental rights. The changing of the concept of human rights over time The concept of human rights, as they are currently being practiced by most nations of the world, took a long time to be developed adequately. After the Second World War, prominent world leaders realized that other more powerful people were oppressing the residents of their countries. For the oppr essed, the only way they could use to relieve their oppression was by engaging in war. The occurrence of more conflicts could only be avoided by providing a way that would ensure that equality is embraced in the society. Therefore, this concern of providing justice to the oppressed made many leaders of various countries to emphasize on the importance of respecting human rights since this was necessary for the sake of preserving the entire human race. However, before this development, the concept of human rights was in existence in some other ways. The concept started when man began living in this world. This was for the reason of fulfilling the various needs and requirements of humans in a finite world. Therefore, various rules of conduct were enacted to ensure equal distribution of rights to limited resources for the fulfillment of the various needs and requirements. As Rayner points out, â€Å"the earliest rules about standards of behavior among people dealt with prescribing or p rohibiting conduct that experience proved was likely to lead to conflict (para. 3). During the early sixth century, the famous lawmaker, who was a Roman citizen called Justinian developed the Codex of various regulations. He attempted to come up with an organized system of rights and responsibilities. The great religious organizations of the world had all attempted to develop an organized system of rights and responsibilities derived from the divine regulations. These religious organizations include, but not limited to, Judaism, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, and Islam, and they all had profound ideas concerning the dignity of the human race.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Definition of Human Rights and Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the seventeenth century, due to the influence of great thinkers such as Grotius, Hobbes, and Locke, attention to human rights was shifted from social responsibilities to personal requirements and contribution. Consequently, these rights were referred to as ‘natural rights,’ or in other words, ‘the rights of man,’ and they became part of the political agenda. This led to the conflict about politics in which people debated about the freedoms to give up things since it was argued that individuals in their ‘natural’ condition had unlimited freedom. The English Revolution of 1640 mainly took place because of this issue since the people fought for their rights. Almost half a century later, the Glorious Revolution took place against the oppressive English government. This led to the enactment of the English Bill of Rights in 1689, which addressed the important issues of the time. The Bill of Rights reiterated a number of royal promises made by King John, under duress, in the Magna Carta (this was a charter that was initially produced in 1215 and it largely influenced the development of the B ill of Rights). During the late eighteenth century, according to great thinkers such as John Locke, people held the claim that â€Å"no-one could be subjected to another’s rule unless they consented† (Rayner, para. 12). This ideology limited the functions of governments and made the American colonies’ Declaration of Independence in 1776, since the governments that could not protect the rights of their citizens were overthrown. The most notable twentieth century declarations concerning ‘natural’ or human rights took place in 1948 following the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was heralded by a series of other international Conventions, Covenants, as well as Declarations. Causes and Effects of human trafficking The causes of human trafficking are many and varied. They mainly involve the economic condition of the areas whereby the victims came from. The fast increase in the world’s population has made many individuals to suffer from lack of jobs. Those who do not succeed in finding the jobs are usually the most susceptible for this kind of abuse (Salinger, 408). This lucrative business has also been enhanced by the existence of porous borders and sophisticated communication equipment that aid the movement of the traffickers from one region to another. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is leaving many children as orphans who have to take care of their younger siblings.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This condition creates a fertile ground for traffickers who promise them ‘good’ life. Other causes include worldwide economic policies that facilitate the segregation of marginalized communities, increase in corruption, increase in domestic violence, gender discrimination, and the global increase in demand for cheap and exploitable workforce. Human trafficking, as the fastest growing international crime, has widespread effects on the victims and to their countries of origin. The victims usually suffer from violation of their rights, intense psychological abuse, trauma, fear of being unsafe or lacking adequate protection, loss of faith in other individuals, resentfulness, emotional torture, and hardship conditions. Besides these, the long-term effects of undertaking this illicit trade are detrimental to the economic development of their country of origin (Connor, para. 3). This is because the uneven movement of people out of a country lowers the levels of human capital a vailable in the country. The proliferation of human trafficking is able to create negative demographic effects. This deteriorates the social fabric of the particular nation through abating the social standards and ethics while fostering bribery and illicit practices. The victims of human trafficking In some places of the world, human trafficking is managed by large organized traffickers who collaborate with high-ranked government officials in carrying out their purposes. Nonetheless, most traffickers are organized in smaller groups. These smaller groups concentrate on a particular area of the trafficking process, for example, abduction or trade. This increases their proceeds since only a small amount of resources are required to commence the lucrative business. These groups of criminals most of the time target the most susceptible and defenseless members of the society. They get their victims from poverty-stricken regions where opportunities for getting assistance are minimal. Altho ugh they usually target disadvantaged individuals from various social backgrounds, the victims of human trafficking can come from anywhere since even individuals from affluent families can also be the target of traffickers. The trafficking of women is particularly carried out for the sake of the lucrative sex industry where they are compelled to engage into prostitution and earn targeted daily quotas for their masters. Traffickers take advantage of inadequate opportunities, make false arrangements for travel and work placements, and on reaching their destinations, the victims realize that they have been deceived concerning the terms and conditions of their new employment. Therefore, they find themselves in deplorable conditions that fleeing from is both complicated and harmful to them. Agents and brokers who engage in child trafficking most of the time take advantage of the poor living conditions of their parents. Guardians sometimes agree to trade their children in exchange for lar ge sums of money, which they use as a means of earning livelihood. Some other parents are victims of deceit after they have been falsely promised employment and escape from poverty for their children. In addition, some other children are forcefully abducted or lured by the traffickers to their destinations. Recent studies have shown that many trafficked children, especially the males, are recruited in the armies to serve as child soldiers, and others, especially the females, are traded to serve in the global sex industry per year. The misuse of the adoption process in most countries has escalated the number of victims of human trafficking. This has led to the trading of newborn babies as well as pregnant women in many places around the world. Men are also susceptible to this illicit trade. They are mainly trafficked to be employed as unskilled laborers in various industries. They work under forceful conditions with meager or no payment. Fighting against trafficking violations of hum an rights and eliminating human trafficking For the war against human trafficking to be won, adequate preventive initiatives must be carried out in order to avoid the violations of human rights. Since most traffickers usually seek to exploit the economic conditions of their victims by giving them false promises, such vulnerable people should be made aware of the risks that are involved through counseling when people they do not trust want to help them seek for better lives elsewhere. Vulnerable communities can be protected from this illicit trade in human beings by practicing community-led activities. The porous borders of most countries are usually susceptible to the movement of the traffickers; therefore, communities living around these places should be educated on ways of detecting and preventing the unauthorized movement of persons. Human trafficking is usually practiced in most countries and most policy makes are not aware of its existence and dangers. Therefore, to protect hum an rights, various policy makers, law enforcement agencies, and the civil society should be made aware of the sensitive nature of this issue by the use of appropriate training tools in order to reduce the effects of this practice that is threatening the security of the world. Other appropriate ways of eliminating human trafficking are by coming up with new initiatives for fighting anti-trafficking, improving law enforcement efforts, and carrying out more prosecutions for people who are suspected of engaging in trading of human beings. Therefore, to protect the dignity of every person, it is of essence to offer assistance to grass roots efforts of indigenous human rights groups, engage in programs that aim at reducing poverty, and protect the vulnerable communities from unnecessary exploitation. Conclusion Most countries of the world are supporting the concept of universal human rights since they are becoming a worldwide principle that determines whether a country is governed properl y or not. Because the threat of human trafficking is still a major problem in this century, concerted efforts need to be made by adopting appropriate measures for prevention, detection, and action. Human trafficking will not be completely obliterated from the face of the earth if individuals settle down and stop making efforts to end this illicit activity. Consequently, with the enactment of the adequate counter strategies, human trafficking can be eliminated and the dignity of the human race can be preserved for the benefit of the forthcoming generations. Works Cited Connor, Gregory. â€Å"Human trafficking.† UMCOR-NGO. The Humanitarian Agency of the United Methodist Church. 2004. Web. Rayner, Moira.† History of universal human rights-up to WW2.† History. N.d. Web. http://www.universalrights.net/main/histof.htm Salinger, Lawrence M. Encyclopedia of white-collar corporate crime. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005. Print. Sttiphan, Em. Human rights: co ncepts and perspectives. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2002. Print. Zastrow, Charles. Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People.  Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Pub Co, 2009. Print. This research paper on Definition of Human Rights and Trafficking was written and submitted by user Frank Castle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Word Choice Hoard vs. Horde - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Word Choice Hoard vs. Horde Word Choice: Hoard vs. Horde Although they may sound the same when spoken, hoard and horde have distinct meanings. As such, mixing them up in your writing will look bad. But you can avoid confusion by learning their definitions and usage. Hoard (A Stockpile) The word hoard can be used as either a verb or a noun. As a verb, hoard means to accumulate and store a stockpile of something for future use. This will usually be something valuable and therefore closely guarded, such as a hoard of treasure: The mad king hoarded gold, determined to keep it all to himself. Sometimes, hoarding has a negative meaning, especially if the thing being hoarded is considered worthless or unpleasant: The old man would hoard old newspapers, keeping them in his basement. We can also use hoard as a noun to refer to a stockpile that has been collected and guarded. We would use it in a sentence like this: The pirate returned to the hidden cave to retrieve his hoard of stolen booty. Horde (A Mob or Crowd) Horde is a noun meaning a large group or crowd. It originally described nomadic warrior tribes, but it is now more commonly used to refer to large, rowdy groups of people: A horde of drunken baseball fans crowded onto the subway carriage. As well as describing groups of people, we can apply horde to swarms or packs of animals, especially wasps, mosquitoes, and other flying insects: A horde of mosquitoes ruined the picnic. Remember not to confuse horde with herd in this context, as herd is simply the group name for hoofed mammals. Hoard or Horde? Although these terms sound similar, theyre different enough in meaning that it should be easy to tell them apart. Remember: Hoard (verb) = To collect or stockpile something Hoard (noun) = A collection or stockpile Horde (noun) = An unruly mob If you would like more advice about word choice, or to have a 500-word sample of your work proofread for free, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

Financial Economic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Economic - Case Study Example C) The choice getting 10000Kr in this coming September could resolve the exchange rate issue. In case of the other option to get paid in September and February have equal chances of gain and loss. So I will get the money in September and will keep that till the end of First so that I can get the 4% interest from the US bank. I will repeat the same for the following year. So for the first year I will get 1040$ and the next year it depends on the exchange rate. In case if the exchange rate increases say, 12Kr/$. I can convert the dollars to Sweden Kr. So that if I can put that amount in bank and I can get interest from the Sweden Bank. And If exchange rate found to decrease say 10Kr/$ then I will convert the Kr to dollars. The only risk in this type is in case after converting the dollars to Kr if the exchange rate Kr/$ does not decrease that could be a loss. But thinking in terms of interest from the Sweden bank could compensate the loss.

Ireland is ready to import automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ireland is ready to import automobiles - Essay Example Conclusions can be drawn from this: Fiscal policy was tight and yet the crisis happened, and ironically, entry into the eurozone can be harmful. â€Å"Again, the debt overhang would be huge, under any plausible assumptions. Ireland is doomed to fiscal stringency for decades, given its poor growth prospects, at least in comparison with its Tiger years† (Wolf, 2011). But, despite the dire straits, Ireland is exiting the recession (Fottrell, 2010). And, since Ireland is unlikely to keep up with the need to produce automobiles, it will need to import them. Ireland is ready to import automobiles, or at least as ready as it ever will be. 2.1. Dire financial straits Ireland's crisis is of an immense magnitude. 50,000 people could leave the country in 2011, yet another wave in a series of exoduses stretching from early Irish settlers in North America to the Irish potato famine to the 1980s (McDonald, 2011). And unlike other generations of exodus, it is professionals and graduates leav ing the country. Jobs for graduates and professionals are scarce. The economy has shrunk by a tenth and unemployment is in the double digits (MacDonald, 2011). Yet the economy was host to, and still does have, Microsoft, Apple, Intel and Pfizer. The middle-class was expanded and grew upwards, almost all Irish sharing in the growth. Aside from the slowly turning upswing out of the recession, there are many other macro-economic indicators that point to the need to import cars. In 2010, the Irish auto market grew (Leggett, 2010). People who need to physically get places, industrial and service sector workers, are not the ones leaving the country. Industrial production is likely to slow, and Ireland's native car market will not be able to keep up with demand, even with the declining Irish population from the eventual exodus. It is clear, then, that Ireland is going to need to import cars. 2.2. Car finance options Despite the bad economy, British firms like Close Motor Finance are seeing a gap in the Irish market. â€Å"A UK-BASED MOTOR finance company, Close Motor Finance, is entering the Irish car finance market this week in an attempt to fill the gap it perceives to have been left after the withdrawal by some lenders and the tighter restrictions imposed by the remaining Irish finance houses† (Comyn, 2011). This is vital for the growth of the Irish car market because it allows consumers access to credit even when the native banks are facing serious risk. It also shows that external observers view the growth potential in the car market as palpable. This announcement is much-needed news for the Irish car market. â€Å"66 per cent of all sales in 2007 were financed by loans organised through the dealership with its favoured lending institution. By last year that had fallen to 44 per cent and from January to October of this year that had fallen to just 26 per cent of all its car sales† (Comyn, 2011). The vast majority of Irish consumers are being forced to seek out their own finance options. 2.3. Growing market for imports in Ireland The imported car market in Ireland is generally growing, albeit with mixed signals. Hispano Cars, â€Å"[t]he Irish firm that imported and distributed Seat vehicles†, lost the lucrative Seat contract, but this is because Volkswagen itself is deciding to push into the Irish market (Daly, 2011). Hispano Cars

Aristotles concept of justice Essay Example for Free

Aristotles concept of justice Essay In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. However, in order to explain the statement that justice can only be found in the laws established by the state I would like to point out the last two types of justice and the notion of equity Aristotle refers to in his book. The first is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies and there is the notion of equity that works in unusual cases. With understanding these three concepts we can reach to the conclusion that according to Aristotle justice can not only be found in the laws established by the state and he is right in claiming such an idea. Anyone who is a virtuous person can also be just. But not everyone who is just is also virtuous. Would you consider someone who kills the murderer of his wife a murderer? Would you put him in the same position as Jack the Ripper? Do you think justice is protected by the law? Is it just to stone adulteresses to death even if it complies with the law? Which law is just and which is not? What are the criteria? Are the laws of the state enough to maintain justice?Such questions can be boosted up to thousands if one starts to think about justice, itsconnotations and the relation between justice and law. The debate is a long-lasting one. In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. There is particular justice, distributive justice, reciprocal justice, political and social justice, domestic justice, natural and conventional justice. I would like to point out the last two types of justice in order to understand Aristotles idea of law and justice relation in a state. According to Aristotle, there is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies. Natural justice is the kind of justice that can be applied to every human being regardless of nation, race, religion, etc. It has the same validity everywhere and do not depend on acceptance. Aristotle argues that the things which are not just by nature but by human enactment are not everywhere the same, since constitutions are not the same, though there is  by one which is everywhere by nature the best (124). Accordingly, the conventional justice is set by the society and in some cases by the rulers of the society. However, Aristotle suggests that, for the laws established by the state, a law can be just whether it is for the advantage of the law makers or the rulers or the dominant class. In The Nichomachean Ethics, he says that the laws†¦on all subjects aim at the common advantage either of all or of the best or of those who hold power†¦ (108). He adds that every kind of conventional justice is created in one way from the natural justice and it is normal that they may differ from one society to another. For instance it is by the law to drive on a certain side in Turkey and in Britain people drive on the other side of the road. Both laws are created to maintain justice and order. However there are laws which are created by the state such as the law that women have to wear veils which seems to us not just but what is important to Aristotle is not what we think but how that society with that particular law is affected. As long as the law works for the society, regardless of its rightness, it maintains justice. Lets give an example, at the times of Roman Empire the gladiators fight with each other or with lions, they know that they are going to die at the arena but they do not show any fear, they fight with their honors and they die with an honorable death. Mentioning that laws are created to be functional, to stabilize and control the society, Aristotle talks about the equitable justice in which he stresses that there are cases in which the universal law or justice does not suit to the case in hand. He suggests that laws guide people in the direction of justice but they do not encompass all the cases about justice or injustice. In such conditions he suggests that the judge interferes and corrects the law where it is defective owing to its universality (133). Equity means the correction of the law when it is too abstract for the situation in hand. Aristotle here suggests that the judge or the legislator should find the balance and give the right decision in such situations. Taking these ideas into consideration, according to Aristotle, the laws of  the state are enough to maintain justice for their people only to a certain extent because in some cases the decision making authority is not the law but the judge. I think Aristotle is right in making such a claim because of many reasons. First of all, if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is tooabstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Furthermore, if there arecases in which the law does not work, we can not say that the laws established by the state maintain the justice at all times unless we see the starting argument as a generalization. However it is also not possible to know the qualities of the judge whether he is biased toward the case that he balances with the law. Accordingly there may be some cases in which justice may not be maintained because of the origin (in Aristotles words universality) of the law does not cover the case or because of the judges personal qualities. Consequently if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is too abstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Bibliography: The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle

Jerry Seinfeld :: essays research papers

Jerry Seinfield Sometimes a persons achievements can have an impact on an entire segment of an industry. In the book Jerry Seinfeld by Josh Levine this theory stands true. Jerry Seinfeld's brilliant comedy has had a tremendous impact on this segment of the entertainment industry. His clean comedy and detailed tactics have set a precedent for comedians to come. Jerry Seinfeld was voted the America's Best Male Comedian Club Performer in 1988 by a pole of night club regulars, even thought by then he had already moved up to the large concert halls and amphitheaters for most of his performances. Jerry used a form of comedy that no one had ever seen before. He was titled the clean comedian because he didn't to use profanity to make people laugh. Jerry said in one of his interviews, â€Å"My jokes are about clean subjects, and they're very thought out. Most comedians who use a lot of profanity- they' re using it for fast punchlines... I can put a joke together well enough that I don't need dirty words.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerry has a role model for kids and comedians to follow. He started a new genre in comedy. Here's an example of Jerry's humor â€Å"Dogs are broke all their lives. You know why they have no money? No pockets. They see change on the street -there's nothing they can do about it†. â€Å"You go to the store to buy Grape Nuts. No grapes, no nuts. What's the story there.†. â€Å"If he's the best man why is the bride marrying the groom?† Jerry has not only contributed to his fellow comedians and the comedians to comes. He has made a difference in many peoples lives. For example, on Thursday night almost every one I know snuggles up in front of there television to watch Seinfeld, a sitcom staring Jerry Seinfeld. The next day you can hear them using dialogue from the show and laughing amongst themselves. It is as it his dialogue and situations he creates are being reenacted by everyone I know Jerry Seinfelds contribution is a great one.

Earth Is Precious Essay

The seven continents are the seven main land areas on the Earth. Some are joined to each other, and some are completely surrounded by water. Some continents have a lot of countries, but others have only a few. Erin Ate Nine Sticky Apricots At Aprils. If you can remember this mnemonic device called an acrostic then it is easy remember all Continents names as the first letter of each word corresponds with the first letter of a continent. These continents are: Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Africa! Interestingly the names of all the continents end with the same letter with which they start. It is believed that in past ,all continents were joined, this land area was called Pangaea .This area started to break up & got divided into 7 parts ,so today we have 7 continents .These continents are still moving away or moving close to each other. This is called continental drift or plate tectonics theory. For example Europe & North America are said to be moving 7 cm apart every year. Asia It is the largest continent .It covers one-third of earth’s surface. Also it is the biggest in terms of population in the world. Half of the world population lives here. World’s two most populous countries, China & India are in this continent. It has 30% of world land area & 60% of population It is the birth place of great religions – Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity It is also the place of great ancient civilizations- Chinese, Harrapan. It is the home of the 10 highest mountain peaks in the world. Mount Everest , the highest mountain in the world is here only . Africa It is the second largest continent. It is also called Dark Continent as for long time not much was known about this continent due to its difficult inhabitable terrain. It is the home of the Nile ,the longest river in the world. It is also the home of the Sahara, the largest desert in the world. The equator passes through the middle of Africa continent ,so it receives direct sunlight throughout the year. So it has hot climate throughout the year. World’s hottest place Ethiopia is also in Africa continent. Africa is very rich in minerals.Ninety five percent of the worlds’s diamonds and more than 50% of the world’s gold comes from Africa. 66% of world’s chocolate comes from Africa. Australia Australia is the largest island (island is a place which is surrounded by water from all sides).It is also the smallest continent in the world. It is also known as â€Å"island continent†. Australia continent has only one country ,which is Australia itself.It lies entirely south of the equator and is called land down under. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis which means Southern, it seems it was named as Southern place because it lies entirely south of equator. Today the full official name of Australia is Commonwealth of Australia. Two thirds of Australia is flat desert. Australia is home of three unique animals: platypus ,mammal that lays eggs, the kangaroo,which carries its young in a pouch,the emu ,a large bird that does not fly. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef,it is made up of coral deposits & is about 2000 kilo meters long Australia is also known for its various type of Eucalyptus trees.There are over 500 varieties. Australia ‘s sheep population is more than its human population. Its sheep population is 14 times more than its human population.This is why Australia stands first in the production & export of wool in the world. Antratica Antarctica is a frozen land area around the South Pole.It is also called â€Å"Frozen Continent† . Antarctica is the highest, driest, windiest, emptiest, coldest place on earth. Antarctica contains 75% of the ice in the world.It is estimated that ice is 4 km thick. It looks all white, that is why it is also known as â€Å"White Contnent†. Antarctica also contains about 70% of the world’s fresh water Antarctica is the windiest continent on earth. . The water of the Antarctica is so cold that nothing can rot here. . The coldest natural temperature ever recorded in the world was in Antarctica. It was as low as –89.2 °C (–129 °F) . Europe It is believed that Europe is named originally after ‘Europa’ who was a Phoenician Princess from Greek Mythology.. In Europe , there are no deserts.It is the only continent without any deserts. Venice, the world’s smallest country is in Europe . Most of the countries of Europe use a single currency called the Euro. Germany is the most populous country in Europe, Industrial revolution is said to have originated in Europe only & from here it spread to whole world. North America North America was named after the explorer Americo Vespucci. North America is the only continent that has every kind of climate The population density is approximately 22.9 per square kilometer, which is the largest for any continent in the world. North America is around twice the size of Europe. Lake Superior in North America is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located on the border between the United States and Canada. It is also known as â€Å"New World† North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. South America Andes i,n South America, form the Second Highest Mountain System in the World next to the Himalayas(in Asia). They are Young Fold Mountains. Mt. Aconcagua is the Highest Peak (7,021 m) of The Andes. The Angel Falls of South America ,is the Highest Waterfall in the World. It also has the world’s largest river –Amazon (by volume of water).The name Amazon comes from Native American name for the river ‘Amazunu’ meaning ‘big wave’.In length ,it is the second longest river in the world (6440 km) South America is also the home of anaconda,one of the world’s largest snakes.